Today is another public holiday, it's the Emperor's birthday. It's known as Tenno Tanjobi (天皇誕生日). It's a celebration to honour Emperor Naruhito.
The Emperor's Birthday is one of the few times people can enter the inner grounds of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Visitors gather to wave flags and listen to the Emperor deliver greetings from the palace balcony.
The holiday is tied to the reigning emperor; the date changes when a new emperor ascends to the throne. When Emperor Naruhito succeeded Emperor Akihito in 2019, the holiday moved from December 23rd to February 23rd. I liked having December 23rd as a national holiday, an extra day to celebrate Christmas.
When Emperor Naruhito ascended to the throne, not only did the official birthday holiday change, but the era changed.
Japan uses the Western (Gregorian) calendar and the traditional Japanese era system, known as gengo (元号) or wareki (和暦). In this system, each emperor's reign defines a new era. The first year of an era is called gan-nen(元年), followed by year 2, 3, etc. We are now in Reiwa 8. This system is used on government forms, driver's licenses, tax documents, and even some business paperwork. At the hospital I go to, I'm asked to verify my ID by stating my date of birth, which is Showa 37, 1962. The problem is that I never remember it! I had to look up the year to make sure I got it right!
Recent eras are Showa (1926-1989), Heisei (1989-2019), and now Reiwa (2019-present).
A few years ago, I visited a museum that had these jars displayed.
The left hand one says the last air of the Heisei era, the right hand one says the first air of the Reiwa period.
Even though most people use the Western calendar today, the era calendar remains culturally significant today. The system connects modern Japan with centuries of tradition. It reminds people that each era marks a new chapter in the nation's story.
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